Hydrogen electrolysis is the process of splitting water (H₂O) into hydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂) using electricity, a core technology in Hyto Energy’s portfolio for producing clean, green hydrogen. This process occurs in electrolyzers, which consist of two electrodes (anode and cathode) immersed in an electrolyte, with the specific setup varying by electrolyzer type—alkaline, PEM, or AEM. In alkaline electrolysis, a liquid electrolyte (typically potassium hydroxide, KOH) facilitates ion flow; electricity splits water, with hydrogen produced at the cathode and oxygen at the anode. This method is mature, cost-effective, and ideal for large-scale industrial use, with low sensitivity to water purity. PEM electrolysis uses a solid polymer membrane as the electrolyte, allowing only protons to pass, enabling higher efficiency (over 80%) and faster response to electricity fluctuations—perfect for pairing with renewable energy sources like solar and wind. AEM electrolysis, an emerging technology, uses an anion exchange membrane, combining alkaline’s cost advantages with PEM’s efficiency and utilizing non-precious metal catalysts to reduce costs. At Hyto, electrolysis systems are designed to use renewable electricity wherever possible, ensuring the produced hydrogen is “green” (zero carbon emissions). The process is scalable, from small home electrolyzers producing hydrogen for residential use to industrial-scale systems powering entire manufacturing facilities. By optimizing electrode materials, electrolyte performance, and system design, Hyto’s hydrogen electrolysis technologies maximize hydrogen output while minimizing energy input, making them a cornerstone of sustainable hydrogen production.